VENUE- MAIN AUDITORIUM, GANDUJE HALL
PPV 01
HAEMATOLOGICAL AND HEPATORENAL ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY POTASH (AKANWU) ON MALE WISTAR RATS
1Bruno Chukwuemeka Chinko, 2Dibo Tabot Pughikumo
1Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Health Sciences. University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt. Rivers State. Nigeria 2Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amassoma, Bayelsa state. Nigeria
Corresponding Author: Email: bruno.chinko@uniport.edu.ng Phone: 08056605846
Potash refers to the naturally occurring water-soluble compounds of potassium used as a traditional food additive in Nigeria. Several health warnings have highlighted the deleterious effect of their consumption. The present study, therefore, is aimed at evaluating the effects of graded doses of potash consumption on haematological and hepatorenal indices using Wistar rat models. Potash was locally sourced and the elemental composition was determined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Twenty (20) male Wistar rats (170 – 200g) were used for the study and were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) animals each. Group 1 served as the control while Groups 2 – 4 served as the experimental group and received an aqueous mixture of potash via oral gavage at 200, 400 and 800mg/kg respectively for thirty (30) days. XRD elemental analysis of potash revealed the presence of potassium (27.44%), phosphorus (14.27%), antimony (5.18%), barium (4.27%), fluorine (2.78%), cadmium (2.06%), yttrium (1.63%), tellurium (1.32%), caesium (1.12%), niobium (1.04%), sodium (0.42%) and germanium (0.06%). Results from haematological and hepatorenal parameters show a significant reduction in mean values of red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume among the experimental groups compared to control (p<0.05) and significantly increased mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, white blood cell count, lymphocytes, neutrophils, MID cell percentage, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatine, sodium, potassium and chloride ions among the experimental group compared to the (P<0.05). The data presented has shown that the chronic consumption of potash at 800mg/kg can negatively alter the haematological and hepatorenal profiles of Wistar rats. Therefore, this study considers potash, a possible toxicant to the blood, liver and kidney.
Key words : Potash, akanwu, Haematology, Hepatorenal, Liver and Kidney
PPV 02
Ellagic acid facilitates gastric ulcer healing: role of gut microbiome and gastric ATPase activity.
Ayo Adekoya1, Adeola Salami1, Francis Omeonu2, Uwaifoh Akpamu1,3, Francis Oluwole1
1Gastrointestinal Secretions and Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State. 2Mycology and Applied Microbiology Group, Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 3 Department of Physiology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria. Corresponding author: adeolathabitha@yahoo.com
Many poly-phenols have been documented to be beneficial to gut microflora; whose homeostasis plays a pivotal role in the healing of gastric ulcers. Ellagic acid (EA); a plant-derived polyphenol, has shown proven gastro-protective activities but there is dearth of information on its gut microflora activities during starvation and indomethacin induced-gastric ulcer models, which this study sought to investigate. Fifty-five male Wistar rats (110-120g; n=5) divided into 6 groups, across two studies, a baseline control, and five treatment groups in both studies including: ulcer untreated, cimetidine, Ellagic Acid high dose (EAH), medium dose (EAM) and low dose (EAL) groups. The first study was indomethacin induced ulcer model (IIUM), while the second study was starvation induced ulcer model (SIUM). Both studies had treatment for 4 weeks. On the day of sacrifice, stomach tissues were harvested and scored using planimetry, cleaned and portions used for biochemical, and microbial analysis. Microbial identification was carried out using 16S rDNA gene sequencing and amplified by PCR. Results were subjected to one-way ANOVA and values were expressed as Mean ± SEM and significant at p≤0.05.
The EA-treatments significantly decreased mean ulcer index, MDA, Hydrogen peroxide levels compared with ulcer untreated group (UTE) in both studies. Gastric mucin and sulfhydryl levels were significantly increase in EAL and EAM doses of both studies compared with UTE. The H+/K+ pump activity significantly decrease in all EA-treatments of SIUM and EAL of IIUM compared with UTE. Pathogenic bacteria E.coli was inhibited in all EA-treatment groups but probiotics, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Pedicoccus acidilactici were up-regulated.
The results suggest that EA prevented gastric ulceration in both ulcer models via increased mucus secretion, anti-oxidative mechanism and reduced H+/K+ pump activity which might have enabled proliferation of gut-probiotic microflora over pathogenic Escherichia coli.
Key words: Ellagic acid, indomethacin induced ulcer, starvation induced ulcer, gut micro flora.
PPV 03
Chrysophyllum albidum Attenuates Delayed Gastric Ulcer Healing in Rats: Role of gastric iNOS, COX-2, IL-10 and CRP
Salami Adeola Temitope1, Adelakun Mayokun Adeyoola1,2 and Olaleye Samuel Babafemi1
1Gastrointestinal secretion and inflammation research unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
2Department of Physiology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria.
Gastric ulcer (GU) healing involves inflammatory, and angiogenesis phases which are mediated by various pathways which include C-Reactive proteins (CRP), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). These pathways are mediated by enzymes (expressed at gastric epithelial layer) which play various roles in restitution or re-growth of the damaged gastric epithelial cells. Chrysophyllum albidum has been documented to facilitate delayed GU healing by attenuating inflammation and inhibiting proton pump activities. However, its activities on gastric healing gene expressions are still vague which this study sought to investigate. Male Wistar rats (120-130g) divided into 9 groups (n=15 for groups I-VII; n=5 for groups VIII & IX) viz: Groups I- positive control (DUnA); II and III–250mg/kg and 500mg/kg methanolic extract of C. albidum (MeCaB) bark respectively; IV, V and VI-100mg/kg fractions A, B and C respectively; VII–30mg/kg omeprazole; VIII-ulcerated untreated (baseline), IX-negative control. Chronic GU was induced experimentally and healing delayed using indomethacin with 14 days simultaneous drug treatment. Gastric ulcer score, and gastric ulcer gene expressions [IL-10, iNOS, COX-2, and C-reactive protein (CRP)] were evaluated by days 3, 7 and 14 of treatment using planimetry and immunohistochemistry techniques respectively. Data were expressed as MeanSEM and p0.05 was significant. C. albidum and fractions treated groups significantly decreased gastric ulcer scores compared with DUnA. Gastric IL-10, iNOS, and COX-2 were up-regulated in the C. albidum extract and fractions treated groups compared with DUnA by days 3, 7, and 14. However, gastric CRP was down-regulated significantly in the C. albidum fraction C treated groups compared with all other experimental groups by days 3, 7, and 14. C. albidum and its fractions facilitated the healing of gastric ulcer, probably by enhanced gastric IL-10, iNOS and COX-2 expressions, but decreased gastric CRP expression.
Keywords: Chrysophyllum albidum and chromatographic fractions, gastric ulcer healing, gastric gene expressions
PPV 04
Gastroprotective activities of Canarium schweinfurthiiFruit and oil diets: Role of H+K+ATPase Activity
Habeebat Lawal1, Adeola Salami1, Toluwalope Iyiola1, Francis Oluwole1
1Gastrointestinal Secretions and Inflammation Research Unit,
Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State Corresponding author: adeolathabitha@yahoo.com
Canarium schweinfurthii (C. schweinfurthii) has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of ulcer with unproven scientific justification for its fruit and fruit-pulp oil. It is the aim of this study to investigate the gastro-protective potential and mechanism of the fruit and fruit-pulp oil from C. schweinfurthii in adult male rats.
Wistar rats (120-150g) were divided into seven groups (n=10) viz; Groups 1, 2 and 3 representing the control, untreated, and cimetidine treated (30mg/kg b.w) while groups 4 and 5 received in their feed 30% and 60% of C. schweinfurthii fruit and groups 6 and 7 received 1ml/kg and 2mls/kg of C. schweinfurthii oil. They were pre-treated for 14 or 28 days day prior to ulcer induction (40mg/kg indomethacin for 4 hours). Gastric acid secretion, ulcer scores and stomach biochemical variables were estimated and the gastric tissue processed for histological evaluation. Data were expressed as Mean ± SEM and analysed using two-way ANOVA with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results showed that C. schweinfurthii fruit and fruit pulp oil to significantly decrease the degree of gastric ulceration, gastric acid secretions (basal and histamine stimulated), lipid peroxidation and H+K+ATPase activity compared to the untreated group. Pre-treatment with high doses of C. schweinfurthii fruit and fruit-pulp oil significantly increased gastric catalase, mucin, nitric oxide level and mucous cell count compared to untreated group after 28 days of diet pre-treatment. The results showed that C. schweinfurthii fruit and fruit pulp oil may exert its gastroprotective activities through inhibiting histamine secretion, lipid peroxidation and stimulation of gastric mucin and anti-oxidant enzymes as well as increasing blood flow via increasing nitric oxide level.
Key words: Canarium schweinfurthii fruit and fruit pulp oil, gastric ulcer, H+K+ATPase activity.
PPV 05
A comparative assessment of artificial and natural energy drinks and their effects on the testicular milieu
Oyelowo OT, Awosika OI, Adesina TH
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lagos
Artificial and natural energy drinks are both taken for increased energy, physical stamina, and alertness, although they differ in composition. This study investigated the effects of artificial and natural energy drinks on the testicular milieu in male pubertal rats. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each and all had food. Group 1: (control) received water only; Group 2: (artificial energy drink- AED) received AED mixed with water; Group 3: (natural energy drink- NED) received NED mixed with water. A dose of 1.41ml/day/150g animal was administered and this lasted for 4 weeks. Sperm and testicular variables, biochemical parameters, and hormonal assays were carried out.There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in testosterone, Lactate dehydrogenase, glucose levels and 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β- Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities of AED and NED groups when compared to the control group. The Luteinising hormone level was significantly decreased in the AED group compared to control group, while there was also a significant decrease in the NED group when compared to the AED group. There was a marked increment in sperm abnormalities in the NED group when compared to AED and control groups. The Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and protein levels were significantly increased in the AED group when compared to control group, while significant reductions were observed in NED group when compared to AED group. Pubertal exposure to artificial and natural energy drinks interfered negatively with testicular metabolism, sperm morphology, and motility without affecting sperm count.
PPV 06
ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVES ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND IRONHOMEOSTASIS IN DIABETIC RATS CHALLENGED WITH IRON OVERLOADEmediong I.E*., Bobade O. N., Odetola A.O., Adele B.O.1, Ige A.O., Adewoye E.O.1Applied and Environmental Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan
2Department of Human Physiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria.
*idaraemediong214@gmail.com
Iron (Fe), an essential micronutrient is tightly regulated in vivo, as deregulation can either result iniron deficit or overload. Iron overload promotes oxidative stress and complicates diabetes mellitus.Zinc is an essential mineral with reported antioxidant activities. However, the effect of Zincsupplementation on iron regulation and iron-induced hepatic oxidative stress in diabetic rats islacking. This study was therefore designed to investigate the effect of Zinc on iron homeostasisand iron-induced hepatic oxidative-stress in diabetic female Wistar rats.
Forty rats (150-180g; n=5) were grouped into eight: 1-(Control, received normal saline; 0.2ml), 2-(Diabetes), 3-Iron (3mg/kg FeSO4 i.p.), 4-Zinc (6mg/kg ZnSO4 i.p.), 5-(Fe+Zn), 6-(Diabetes+Fe), 7-(Diabetes+Zn), and 8-(Diabetes+Fe+Zn). Diabetes was induced using single dose alloxan administration (100mg/kg i.p), and animals with blood glucose >250mg/dl (72hours postinduction) were considered diabetic. Treatments were done for 28 days. Blood was collected to assay serum Fe, ferritin, transferrin (Tf) level, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), and % transferrin saturation (TS) using appropriate assay kits. Liver was excised for assessing hepatic Fe, Nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities.
Following Zn treatment, serum Fe, ferritin, transferrin level and TS in Group 5 ( 0.1%, 111.5%, 111.78, 119.05) reduced significantly compared to Group 3 but increased in Group 8 (150%, 31.25%, 31.09%, 164%) compared to Group 6. Hepatic NO level reduced in Groups 5 (0.01±2.60×10-4 µM) and 8 (0.004±6.28×10-4 µM) compared to Groups 3 (0.01±1.40×10-4 µM) and 6 (0.01±9.86×10-5 µM) while GSH and SOD activity increased in Groups 5 (13.41 ± 1.02\µg/ml, 32.94 ± 2.99 U/l) and 8 (15.63 ±1.28 µg/ml, 25.79 ± 2.08 U/l) compared to Groups 3 (7.83± 0.87 µg/ml, 11.83 ± 1.02 U/l) and 6 (9.33 ± 0.81 µg/ml, 12.90 ± 0.12 U/l).Zinc supplementation improved antioxidant status and iron homeostasis in diabetic rats challengedwith iron-overload.
Keywords: Iron, Diabetes mellitus, Zinc, hepatic oxidative stress
PPV 07
Ameliorative activities of Cobalt chloride on experimental Crohn’s colitis: Role of mast cells, Ca2+ATPase and Na+K+-ATPase pump activity.
Salami A.T1., Yakubu, Z.O1., Orji J1., Iyiola, T.,1 Olawale P.O1., And Olaleye S.B.1
1Gastrointestinal secretions and Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State,
Corresponding author: adeolathabitha@yahoo.com
Mast cells have been documented to play valuable roles during healing majorly by mediating wound contraction during healing. Crohn’s colitis is a diseased condition of the colon characterized by untamed inflammatory activities. Cobalt chloride has been documented to be gastroprotective and recently enhance gastric motility via increased mechanosensor activities. The activities of Cobalt chloride on colon mast cells during healing of crohn’s colitis is vague which this study investigates.
50 male Wistar rats (120 -130g, n = 10) were divided into 7 groups viz: Groups 1-Control group, 2-Crohn’s Colitis Untreated, 3-Crohn’s Colitis treated with High Cobalt (62mg/kg), 4-Crohn’s Colitis treated with Low Cobalt (25mg/kg), 5-Crohn’s Colitis treated with Sulfasalazine (500mg/kg). Crohn’s Colitis was induced intra-rectally with NaOH. Daily body weights, colitis score, and colon biochemical analyses were evaluated on days 3 and 7 post-induction of colitis. Histological evaluation of the colon tissue and mast cell counts were quantified. Immunohistochemistry expressions of colon serotonin levels were quantified. Data were expressed as Mean ± SEM and were analyzed using one way ANOVA, p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Body weights significantly increased in the cobalt treated groups. Cobalt treated groups significantly reduced ulcer area and diarrhea score by day 7 compared with colitis untreated group. Cobalt treatment significantly increased levels of colon mucin and Na+/K+ATPase activities but decreased colonic myeloperoxidase level compared with colitis untreated on both days. Colon nitric oxide levels, Ca2+ATPase and mast cells were significantly increased by day 3 but decreased by day 7 on both days during colitis healing in cobalt treated groups compared with colitis untreated. Colon serotonin levels was upregulated in the cobalt chloride treated groups. Cobalt chloride stimulated the healing of crohn’s disease in sodium induced experimental rats via increased antioxidant enzymes and modulated mast cell degranulation.
Key words: Colitis, Cobalt chloride, mast cell, serotonin expression.
PPV 08
Effect of diet supplement of Sesamum indicum products and sesamol on gastric ulceration in male Wistar rats: role of H+K+ATPase pump activity
Aderinsola Ogunbiyi1, Adeola Salami1, Uwaifoh Akpamu1,2, Francis Oluwole1
1Gastrointestinal Secretions and Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State.
2Department of Physiology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria.
Corresponding author: adeolathabitha@yahoo.com
Sesamum indicum has been reported to exert gastro-protective activity with paucity of information on the mechanism involved. Hence, this study aim to elucidates the gastroprotective mechanism of the whole-seed, oil, cake and active component Sesamol in animal model. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n=10) and treated as; Ulcerated untreated, Cimetidine treated (30mg/kg), diet supplemented with Sesamum indicum seeds (30%), oil (20%), cake (30%) or sesamol (3mg/kg) for 2 and 4 weeks. Gastric ulceration was by indomethacin (40mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed 4 hours after, their stomachs were removed for ulcer scoring, biochemical and histological analysis. In another experiment, 60 rats were divided in 6 groups as above for basal and histamine gastric acid secretion studies by continuous perfusion method. Gastric superoxide dismutase, catalase, sulfhydryl, lipid peroxidation, mucin, nitric oxide (NO), and H+/K+ ATPase activity were assayed. Results were subjected to two-way ANOVA and expressed as mean ± SEM and significant at p≤0.05. Gastric ulcerations by 2 and 4 weeks were respectively inhibited in cimetidine (98.4%; 98.57%) and pre-treatments with seeds (57.6%; 98.57%), oil (92.8%; 98.57%), and sesamol (58.4%; 95.71%), however seed cake inhibition was (52%) only at 2 weeks). Pre-treatment with Sesamum indicum diets significantly reduced NO, lipid peroxidation level and gastric acid secretion by decreasing H+/K+ pump activity but significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, mucin, sulfhydryl concentrations and mucous cell count compared with ulcerated untreated group. Sesamum indicum proved gastroprotective by inhibiting the H+-K+ATPase pump activity reflective in gastric acid secretion, with increased gastric antioxidative status and mucous cell count.
Key words: Sesamum indicum, H+K+ATPase activity, indomethacin gastric ulcer, mucous cells
PPV 09
NEUROLOGIC EFFECT OF CANNABIDIOL OIL AND PREDNISOLONE ON THE COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS OF CADMIUM INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY IN MALE WISTAR RATS
S. K. Mobisson*1, M. C. Emmanuel1, A. C. Emeruem1, A. O. Obembe2
1Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. 2Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author, E-mail:samuelmobisson@gmail.com 08060479779
This study was aimed to ascertain neurologic effect of CBD-oil and prednisolone on cognitive functions of cadmium induced neurotoxicity on male rats. Forty rats weighing between 150g to 200g were assigned into 8 groups (A-H) of five animals each. Group A control, Group B-H received 1mg/kg b.w prednisolone; 1.5mg/kg b.w Cadmium; 1mg/kg b.w prednisolone + 0.2mg/kg b.w CBD-oil; 0.2mg/kg b.w CBD-oil + 2mg/kg b.w cadmium; 3mg/kg b.w prednisolone + 2mg/kg b.w cadmium; 0.1mg/kg b.w CBD-oil and0.2mg/kg b.w CBD-oil respectively. Administration was done using gavage for 14 days. T-maze test apparatus was done to determine latency of object recognition before and after administration. Results revealed a significant decrease in latency of object recognition on rats administered with prednisalone, cadmium and 0.2mg/kg b.w CBD-oil than control after administration. Serum calcium ion significantly (P<0.05) increased on rats administered with cadmium + 0.1mg/kg b.w CBD-oil than control and significantly decreased on rats fed with prednisalone+ CBD-oil than control. Brain acetylcholinesterase significantly (P<0.05) increased on rats fed with prednisalone, prednisalone+ cadmium and 0.2mg/kg b.w CBD-oil than control and significantly decreased on rats administered with cadmium, pred.+CBD-oil, cadmium +CBD-oil and 0.1mg/kg b.w CBD-oil than control. Brain catalase significantly increased on rats fed with prednisalone +cadmium, 0.1mg/kg b.w of CBD-oil and0.2mg/kg b.w CBD-oil than control. Brain SOD significantly decreased on treatment groups than control. Brain malondiadehyde significantly increased on rats fed with cadmium, pred+CBD-oil, cadmium+ CBD-oil, 0.1mg/kg b.w CBD-oil and0.2mg/kg b.w CBD-oil than control. Brain glutathione peroxidase significantly decreased on treated groups than control. Brain reduced glutathione significantly decreased across treated groups than control. Histology of hippocampus revealed visible pathologic changes on treatment groups. We conclude that CBD-oil, prednisolone and cadmium administration at different doses induced biochemical alterations, exacerbates cognitive and neurobehavioral decline by enhancing oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase activity and alteration in the cytoarchitecture of hippocampus.
KEYWORDS: CBD oil, prednisalone, cadmium, acetylcholinesterase, calcium.
PPV 10
ETHANOLIC SEED EXTRACT OF MACUNA PRURIEN AMELIORATED XEROSTOMIA IN ROTENONE-INDUCED PARKINSONISM IN RATS
Salaudeen, F.M., Odukanmi, O.A., Salami, A.T., Olaleye, S.B
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with increasing prevalence worldwide and reported reduced saliva flow and composition in Parkinsonism. Macuna Prurien seed is used in the management of PD locally. This study was designed to investigate the effect of ethanolic seed extract of Macuna Prurien on saliva and its composition in rotenone-induced parkinsonism in male rats.
Thirty-two (32) male Wistar rats weighing between 200-220g were randomly grouped into four groups consisting of eight (8) rats per group. Parkinsonism was induced with a daily oral administration of Rotenone 1mg/kg for 7 days. The control group received 1 mg/kg of olive oil (vehicle), the Rotenone alone group (1mg/kg of rotenone with no treatment), and groups 3 and 4 received 1mg/kg of rotenone and were treated with 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg of the Macuna Prurien seed extract daily for 28 days, respectively. Behavioural studies were conducted to ascertain parkinsonism. Saliva was collected for flow rates, pH, biochemical assays of relevant enzymes, and electrolyte determination, using standard procedures. All data were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), and statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and significant accepted at P<0.05. The 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg groups showed a significant increase in the salivary volume and flow rate. There is no significant change in the pH of the saliva and the electrolyte of the saliva. Groups with the test extracts (100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg rotenone) showed decreases in the salivary amylase content compared to Rotenone alone group. The ethanolic extract of Macuna prurien seed caused an increase in the volume and rate of salivary secretion following the induction of parkinsonism, thus ameliorating the silenced xerostomia in parkinsonism.
Keyword: Parkinsonism, Rotenone, Macuna prurien extract, Salivary rate
PPV 11
THE TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS ON THE PHOSPHATASES OF MALE GUINEA PIGS
Victor Queen Ezinne
Deparment of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences,University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria.
The toxicological effects of phyllanthus Amanus on the phosphatases of Male guinea pigs was investigated. Recent discoveries shows that some plants (like phylanthus Amaras) are antioxidants. All parts of this small plant have medical applications and are used as such but inadequate administration of this plant, could lead to toxicological effects. Hence, this study has been designed to assess the toxicological effects of phyllanthus amarus on the phosphatases of male guinea pigs.A total of sixty five (65) animals were used for this study. The research study was carried out based on dose and time dependent. Vitamin E, which is a standard anti-oxidant was used in comparison with phyllanthus amarus which is also said to be an anti-oxidant.The animals were grouped into five major groups of 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5. Groups 4a, b, c, d, e & f (7 days) served for both time and dose dependent with a total of five (5) animals per sub-group while groups 1, 2 & 3 (28, 21 & 14 days) with sub-groups a & b respectively, served for time dependent. The average weight of the animals was 480g before administration of extract. The doses ranged from 0.1mg/kg – 1.6mg/kg of animals respectively while the does for vitamin E was 0.5ml/kg for all the groups. Group 5 served as the control group. And the animals were fed standard feed (elephant grass). The results showed that phyllanthus amarus caused a dose dependent increase within the dosages of 50-800mg/kg in both alkaline phosphatase Aspartate amino transferase and acid phosphate. It also caused a time-dependent increase in acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase. However, a time-dependent inhibition was also observed in prostatic phosphatase. Thus, phyllanthus amarus has both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on the phosphatases of male guinea pigs.
Keywords: phyllanthus amarus, Phosphatase, stimulatory, inhibitory, dependent.
PPV 12
Cannabis Sativa Exacerbate Testicular Function by Increased Oxidative Stress, Altered Male Reproductive Hormones, Sperm Quality/Quantity and Cellular Architecture of the Testis
S. K. Mobisson1*, D. E. Ikpi2, I. Wopara3*, A. O. Obembe2
1Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. 2Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author’s email: samuelmobisson@gmail.com
The illicit use of Cannabis in Nigeria is on the increase within the last 10 years and has been shown to cause fertility disorder amongst young men in Nigeria. Hence, this study was aimed to ascertain the reproductive impact of n-hexane extract of Cannabis sativa on male wistar rats. Fifteen male Wistar rats weighing between 180g and 200g were assigned into 3 groups of five animals each. First group served as control, second (low dose) and third (high dose) were fed with n-hexane extract of C. Sativa at dose of 0.75mg/100g and 1.5mg/100g b.w respectively for 28 days. Administration was done via orogastric. The results revealed the mean serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) concentration in LD and HD were significantly lower (p<0.05) than control. LH was significantly higher (p<0.01) in both LD and HD than control. There was significant increase (p<0.01) in LD and HD than control. Testosterone was significantly elevated in HD (p<0.05) than control. Testicular reduced glutathione and Superoxide dismutase were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in fed rats than control. Testicular catalase and Malondialdehyde was significantly (p<0.05) increased in HD compared to control. Non-motile sperm count showed significant (p<0.001) increase in fed rats than control. Total sperm count was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in fed rats than control. There were significant (p<0.001) increased spermatozoa with abnormal morphology in treated groups than control. HDL cholesterol was significantly (p<0.05) elevated in HD than control. Athrogenic index was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in group fed with 1.5mg/kg than control. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL-c and LDL-c did not reveal any significant difference statistically. Histological examination of testes and epididymis of fed rats showed empty cavity with reduction in spermatogenesis. This suggests that C. sativa extract had more effects on the gonads than at higher centers and its ingestion in whatever form could impair male reproductive function.
Key words: Cannabis sativa, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, testosterone, Malondialdehyde,
PPV 13
Inhibition of Human Androgen Receptor by Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Related to Reproductive Dysfunction: Computational Molecular Dynamic Validation
S. K. Mobisson 1*, D. E. Ikpi2, I. Wopara3, A. O. Obembe2.
1Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. 2Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author, E-mail:samuelmobisson@gmail.com
There have been conflicting reports on the impact of Cannabis sativa impact on reproductive function. Hence this study was aimed to ascertain the impact of Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol binding affinity on human androgen receptor (AR) via computational molecular dynamic simulation. The human androgen receptor coordinate in this study is derived from Human Androgen Receptor in complex with the ligand metribolone (R18) (PBD ID: 1E3G) template using (MODELER version. 9.15). Cannabinol (CBD) (PubChem CID: 644019), and delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (PubChem CID: 16078) 2D structures were retrieved from PubChem and docked (Autodock-Vina inbuilt in PyMol into the active site of human androgen receptor using the coordinates of the co-crystalized ligand (R18). all atomic representations in this study were created using visual molecular dynamics (VMD) tools. The result revealed that neither CBD (T=0.223214) not THC (T=0.224719) bear significant 2D similarity with R18. Despite the diversity within the chemical space, both CBD and THC poses bond flexibility required to bind avidly to AR with the docking scores (CBD=09.25 kj/mol, THC=10.12 kj/mol) comparable to R18 (10.81 kj/mol). In fully bound state, the three compounds engage the AR pocket hydrophobic residues such as L701, L704, and L707, and aromatic residues such as F764. Polar contacts with T877 observed in R18 bound state is avoided in the THC and CBD bound states. Moreso, the results revealed that CBD has lesser binding energy (-148.693±2.293) compared to THC (–161.236±2.368) and R18 (–163.534±2.374) compound which serves as standard. This study hypothesized that CBD and THC binds complimentarily to the pocket AR, indicating a likely inhibition of reproductive function and prostate cancer progression.
Key words: Cannabis sativa, Cannabidiol, Tetrahydrocannabinol, Metribolone, Human Androgen Receptor.
PPV 14
Ameliorating Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Cola acuminataon Mercury Chloride- induced Neurotoxicity in Male Wistar Rat
Ayinla M.T.1,*Yakub Z.M.1, Asuku A.O.2, Saliu S.1
1.Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, PMB 1515, Nigeria
2.Department of Medical Biotechnology,Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
Corresponding Author’s Email Address: *ysaheedah@gmail.com.
Ameliorating effect of aqueous leafextract of Cola acuminata (ALECA) on mercury chloride- induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rat was investigated. Thirty six (36) male Wistar rats weighing 120g-150gwere randomly divided into six groups;I: received 0.5ml normal saline; II: received 5mg/kg body weight (b.w) mercury chloride (HgCl2);III:received 5mg/kg HgCl2 +150mg/kgb.wALECA; IV:received 5mg/kg HgCl2 + 300mg/kg ALECA; V:received 5mg/kg HgCl2 +50mg/kg N-acetyl cysteine; VI:received 5mg/kg HgCl2 + 500mg/kg b.w Vitamin C. The animals were treated for 21days. The rats were subjected to open field test and forelimb grip test on days 14 and 21.The animals were then sacrificed and brain tissues were collected, homogenized, and centrifuged for measurement of biochemical parameters: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). The data obtained from forelimb grip test showed that muscular strength was higher in the group given ALECA, N-acetyl cysteine and Vitamin C when compared with the group given onlyHgCl2(p˂0.05).The data from open field test also showed that locomotor activity and exploratory behaviour are higher while anxiety levels is lower in the group treated with ALECA, N-acetyl cysteine and Vitamin C when compared with mercury chloride group (p˂0.05). Also the levels of TNF-α and NO are lower in the group treated with ALECA when compared with the mercury chloride group (p˂0.05). In addition, the results of ALECA treated groups compared favourably with the two reference drugs. In conclusion, this study revealed that ALECA have the ability to significantly ameliorate the neurotoxicity induced by mercury chloride.
Key words: Neurotoxicity; Cola acuminate; Mercury Chloride; Tumor necrosis factor; Nitric oxide.