VENUE 3 – SYNDICATE ROOM 1 – GANDUJE HALL
OPC 01
Sleep recovery ameliorates submandibular salivary gland inflammation associated with paradoxical sleep deprivation in male Wistar rats
Jude Abeje1, Olayinka Asafa1, Bimpe Bolarinwa 1, Shehu-Tijani Shittu1, and Taye Lasisi1, 2*
1 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
2 Department of Oral Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan,
Nigeria
*Correspondence: tayelasisi@gmail.com; +2348053513471
Submandibular salivary gland inflammation has been suggested as one of the mechanisms underlying impaired salivary secretion associated with sleep deprivation (SD). It is however, not known if the salivary inflammatory response occurs to the same extent in partial and total SD. Hence, this study evaluated the extent to which inflammation influences salivary impairments associated with partial and total SD. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups as control, partial SD (PSD) and total SD (TSD). Paradoxical SD was carried out for 7 days in the SD groups after which saliva, blood, and submandibular gland samples were taken. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite were determined in saliva, serum and submandibular salivary gland. Leucocyte count and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio were determined in all the groups. Levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and nitrite in the submandibular salivary glands were significantly higher in the TSD groups only compared to control. Saliva level of TNF-α was higher in both PSD and TSD groups compared to control. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in both PSD and TSD groups compared to control. While total sleep deprivation produced higher inflammatory response in the submandibular salivary gland, sleep recovery of 4 hours ameliorated this impact.
Keywords: Sleep deprivation; Saliva; Inflammation; Cytokines; Submandibular gland
OPC 02
EFFECT OF HIGH DOSE ASCORBIC ACID ON RATE PRESSURE PRODUCT RESPONSE TO AEROBIC EXERCISE IN YOUNG ADULTS
Elias Simiat O., Adetayo, Ayodeji D., Bamiro Saka A., Umoren Grace A.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Ikeja.
Rate pressure product is used to indirectly determine the myocardial oxygen consumption and thus cardiovascular risk of subjects. Ascorbic acid is a powerful aqueous-phase antioxidant which scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during metabolic pathways. Forty-four participants were recruited after giving informed consent. They were grouped into two equal groups of Lean (BMI =21.26±0.48 kg/m2) and Obese (BMI =33.72±0.76 kg/m2) participants. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and plasma electrolytes were measured before and after participants performed aerobic exercise using a motorised treadmill for 3-5 minutes. All tests were repeated before and after participants ingested 2000mg of ascorbic acid daily for 3 days. Rate pressure product (RPP) was calculated as systolic (SBP) x HR. Data were expressed as mean±SEM. Unpaired Student t-test and two-way analysis of variance were used to compare across groups; statistical significance was accepted at P<0.05. Baseline SBP, DBP and MABP in LP were significantly lower than those of OP (P<0.0001, P=.003 and P=0.03 respectively). Ascorbic acid led to reduction in SBP (LP to 79±2 mmHg and OP to 116±3 mmHg; p<0.0001); DBP (LP to 71±3 mmHg and OP to 78±2 mmHg; (P=0.003) and MABP (LP to 86±3 mmHg and OP to 92±2 mmHg; p= 0.08). The HR of LP (77±3 b/min) was not significantly less (p=0.11) than that of OP (85±2 b/min). Ascorbic acid reduced HR of LP slightly to 76±3 b/min and that of OP to 81±2 b/min (p=0.12). The RPP of LP was 9036±522 mmHg*b/min was similar to that of OP (10056±326 mmHg*b/min) (p=0.11). Ascorbic acid led to a reduction in the RPP of OP by -7.09±4.14% and in LP by -6.40±5.28% (p=0.92). High dose ascorbic acid had a more pronounced effect on rate pressure product in obese participants than lean participants.
OPC 03
POSSIBLE TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF INTERMITTENT FASTING AND EXERCISE ON STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN DIABETIC RATS
Agbonifo-Chijiokwu E1*, Nwangwa EK1, Mega OO2, Naiho AO1,
1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
2Department of Human Physiology, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: Agbonifo-Chijiokwu E; Email: Julicambel@gmail.com, eagbonifo-chijiokwu@delsu.edu.ng
Derangements of liver transcriptional factors and enzymes have important implications in diabetes related complications. Hence, this study which consists of two experimental phases was aimed at evaluating the possible underlying molecular mechanisms of intermittent fasting (IF), exercise. starvation and honey in streptozotocin (STZ)-mediated liver damage in diabetic rats. In the non-diabetic phase, rats were exposed to an oral regimen of distilled water (0.5mL/Kg), intermittent fasting, exercise, starvation, and honey at 1g/Kg bw for four (4) weeks while in the diabetic phase, after STZ injections, interventions with IF, exercise, starvation and honey treatment began for four (4) weeks prior to liver biochemical evaluation. The IF and exercise greatly decreased liver transcription factor (resistin, SREBP-Ic), inflammatory cytokines/enzyme (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MPO) as well as oxidative and nitregic stress with correspondent increase in liver PPAR-γ, IL-10, SOD, CAT and GSH in diabetic rats unlike starvation and honey regimen relative to diabetic controls. More so, IF and exercise greatly increased liver glycogen synthase and decreased glycogen phosphorylase in diabetics rats, whereas starvation and honey regimen had no effect relative to diabetic control. Intermittent fasting and exercise strategically reduced STZ-induced liver metabolic disorder through modulation of liver transcriptional factors and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxido-nitrergic and adipokine signaling pathway.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Antidiabetics, Exercise, Intermittent fasting, Transcriptional factors.
OPC 04
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXRACT OF TRIDAX PROCUMBENS ON FRUCTOSE-INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN MALE WISTAR RATS: MECHANISM INVOLVED
Aina O.D., Shittu S.T., Alada A. R. A
Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State.
Correspondence: dunsinaina@gmail.com
Fructose induces hypertension by increased cardiac oxidative stress, recent findings have also shown that Tridax procumbens (TP) has considerable antioxidant properties. There is however dearth of information on the effect of TP on fructose-induced hypertension. This study therefore investigated the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of TP (ELETP) on fructose-induced hypertension in male Wistar rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats (200-250g) were used. They were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=7) and treated as follows: Group I (Control) drank tap water while groups II-V drank 10% fructose solution for 3 weeks to establish hypertension. Group I and II received normal saline, group III and IV received 100mg/kg and 400 mg/kg ELETP, respectively while group V received Prazosin (0.5mg/kg) and Propranolol (10mg/kg) orally for 4 weeks. Systolic (SBP), Diastolic (DBP), Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP) and Heart Rate (HR) were determined non-invasively. Lipid profile (cholesterol, trig, HDL and LDL) were determined in plasma. Markers of oxidative stress (MDA, SOD and catalase) were determined in plasma and heart tissue. Increased SBP, DBP, MAP and HR were observed in all fructose exposed rats compared with the control. The increased SBP and DBP were lowered in groups III (136.58 ± 1.94mmHg; 96.78 ± 2.21mmHg), IV (132.17 ± 1.59mmHg; 92 ± 7.14mmHg) and V (122.95 ± 22.46mmHg; 87.56 ± 5.11mmHg) compared with group II (156.17 ± 12.09mmHg; 112.08 ± 12.90mmHg). Cholesterol, Trig and LDL levels were significantly increased in group II compared with the control. The increased Trig level in group II (140.62 ± 21.70 mg/dl) was significantly reduced in group III (100.52 ± 8.78 mg/dl). Cardiac MDA level was increased while catalase activity decreased in group II when compared with control and all treated groups. In conclusion, TP reversed fructose-induced hypertension through a mechanism that may involve its antioxidant potential.
Keywords: Fructose-induced Hypertension, Tridax procumbens, Oxidative Biomarkers
OPC 05
Postischemic administration of febuxostat and vitamin E ameliorates testicular ischemia- reperfusion injury in rats by suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Ajike, RA1 , Afolabi OA1, Alabi, BA2, Oyekunle, OS1 Hezekiah, OS1 Hammed, SO1
College of Health Science, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso
The pathway of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) has been shown to involve generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during ischemic phase and in the immediate reperfusion phase. This study investigated the effect of blockage of sources of ROS in the ischemic and reperfusion phases of testicular-IRI. 30 male Wistar rats (180-200g) were grouped (n=6): 1, Sham operated (SO) ;2,Torsion+Detorsion(TD);3,Torsion+FEB+Detorsion(TFD);4,TD+Vit.E(TDVE);5,TFD+VE(TFDVE).Group 3,4 and 5 received 5mg/kg of FEB after 30minute of surgically induced TT for 1 hour, 10mg/kg of VE 30minutes after detorsion and 5mg/kg of FEB after 30minutes of TT+10mg/kg of VE 30minutes after detorsion respectively via i.p. Blood samples and tissues were collected after 3 days of detorsion. Tissue GPx, GSH, total thiol, SOD, MDA, XO, MPO was done. Serum NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, LH, FSH, inhibin and testosterone were estimated. Semen analysis and sperm DNA damage was assessed from the caudal epididymal fluid. Histology of the testes was also assessed. Data was recorded as mean±SEM. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.The significant (P<0.05) increase in XO and MDA but reduction in SOD, CAT, GSH, protein and non-protein thiols in TD group was reversed significantly in TFD than TDVE and TFDVE.TFD group mostly reduced inflammatory mediators which were raised in TD group. Testosterone level was raised in TFD and TFDVE groups. Increased sperm DNA damage and reduced sperm indices were observed in TD group which were reversed in TFDVE and TFD than TDVE. There was an improvement in testicular cytoarchitecture in TFDVE group. Blockage of Xanthine oxidase in the ischemic phase with febuxostat and ROS burst after reperfusion with Vitamin E after TT onset may offer a viable and practical alternative in the treatment of torsion of testes. Blocking other sources of ROS may help to reduce testicular-IRI.
OPC 06
EFFECTS OF METHIONINE AND/OR VITAMIC C ON HEPATIC GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN CHLROPYRIFOS EXPOSED MALE WISTAR RATS
Akinlade E.T., Shittu S.T*., Shittu S.A., Oyelade R. O., Isehunwa G. O., Alada A.R.A
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Address for correspondence: drshittu@gmail.com
Methionine, an essential amino acid has been shown to augment hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in organophosphates exposed rats. There is paucity of information on its effects on hepatic glucose metabolism in chlorpyrifos-exposed rats; this thus forms the basis for this study. Twenty-five male Wistar rats (120-180g) grouped into 5 (I-V) were used. Group I, vehicle/control received sunflower oil (1ml/kg); group II-V were daily exposed to chlorpyrifos (6.8mg/kg) followed by oral administration of methionine (100 mg/kg), vitamin C and a combination of both to groups III, IV and V, respectively for 28 days. Blood and liver samples were obtained for biochemical analysis. Levels of MDA, SOD, CAT, glycogen, and activities of LDH, HEXOKINASE and HMGCoA Reductase were determined in homogenized liver. The plasma levels of cholesterol, trig, HDL, LDL, AST, ALT, ALP and Acetylcholinesterase activity were also determined. Data was expressed as Mean ± SEM and analyzed using ANOVA at P˂0.05 followed by turkey post-hoc test. Chlorpyrifos caused significant increased hepatic MDA level and LDH activities in group II relative to control and these were significantly reduced in all treated groups. Glycogen content was depleted in group II (38.5±6.18 mg/100g wt) relative to control (77.99±3.79 mg/100g wt) and was reversed significantly by vitamin C in group IV (67±7.20 mg/100g wt). Hexokinase activity was reduced in group II (1.30±0.01 X 10-2 Activity/mg.pr) relative to control (3.0±1.5 x10-2 Activity/mg.pr) and increased significantly in groups III (2.0±0.6 x10-2 Activity/mg.pr), IV (2.6±0.4 x10-2 Activity/mg.pr) and V (4.6 ± 1.6 x10-2 Activity/mg.pr). Acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly inhibited in group II and was reversed only by a combination of methionine and vitamin C in group V. Chlorpyrifos had no significant effect on lipid profile and HMGcoA reductase activity. Methionine augmented chlorpyrifos-induced alterations in hepatic glucose metabolism through mechanism that may be more of antioxidant than promotion of acetylcholinesterase activity.
Keywords: Glucose Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Chlorpyrifos, Methionine
OPC 07
VANADIUM MODULATES NA+-K+ATPase AND SODIUM-GLUCOSE-CO-TRANSPORTER 1 ACTIVITIES IN NORMAL AND DIABETIC RATS.
1,2Anifowose OF, 1Salami AT, 1Odukanmi OA, 1Olaleye SB
1Gastrointestinal Secretion and Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria.
A major function of the gastrointestinal tract is transport of glucose across the membrane of small intestine via sodium-glucose-co-transporters (SGLT) in a process driven by Na+-K+ATPase. Diabetes is a disease of global concern, with uncontrolled gut glucose absorption, which is a major determinant. The production of α-glucosidase inhibitors targeted at reducing absorption of gut macronutrients has been beneficial though with little setbacks. Vanadium has been reported as a potential oral therapeutic adjunct in diabetic control but its mechanism of action on intestinal glucose uptake is unclear, which this study investigate in normal and diabetic rats. Thirty male wistar rats were divided to 6 groups (n=5): Group I served as negative control, II and III received 20mg/kg/p.o, and 40mg/kg/p.o of Na2VO3 respectively while the other groups were induced with diabetes (Streptozotocin, 65mg/kg/i.p) without (Group IV) and with exposure to 20mg/kg/p.o (Group V) and 40mg/kg/p.o (Group VI) of Na2VO3 for 8week. Body weight (measured daily), blood glucose level (BGL measured using glucose oxidase method), intestinal glucose absorption (measured using everted sac method), intestinal tissue Na+-K+ATPase pump activity (measured spectrophotometrically), expression of SGLT1/SLCA51 gene were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α 0.05.
Sodium-metavanadate significantly reduced body weight of Streptozotocin-induced-diabetic groups and BGL of both diabetic and normal rats. Rate of glucose absorption significantly decreased in Na2VO3 groups compared with negative-control and in the diabetic Na2VO3 groups compared with positive-control. Na+-K+ATPase activity was significantly decreased in 40mg/kg Na2VO3 group compared with negative-control and in diabetic+20 and 40mg/kg Na2VO3 groups compared with positive-control. Expression of intestinal SGLT1 was downregulated in Na2VO3 rats relative to positive-control.
Vanadium treatment in normal and Streptozotocin-induced diabetes decreased blood glucose level and rate of glucose absorption through inhibition of Na+-K+ATPase activities resulting in a decreased expression of intestinal SGLT1 gene.
Keywords: Sodium metavanadate (Na2VO3), Diabetes and Na+-K+ATPase activity, sodium-glucose-co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) expression.
OPC 08
IMPAIRMENTS IN LIVER FUNCTION PARAMETERS AMONG FEMALE RESIDENTS OF PETROLEUM IMPACTED COMMUNITIES IN OGONI, NIGER DELTA REGION, NIGERIA
Blessing L. 1Dum-awara, Arthur N. 2Chuemere and Ologhaguo M. 3Adienbo
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
E-mail: athur.nwafor@uniport.edu.ng
omadienbo@gmail.com
Petroleum product pollutants is reported to cause some dysfunctions in human systems. In Nigeria, occurrence of such environmental pollution in Ogoni communities, in the Niger delta region is well documented, although, with scanty reports of its impact on the liver function. This study aimed at assessing the liver function of female residents of petroleum impacted communities in Ogoni area. A total of 248 subjects randomly selected from Ogoni (test) and Ogoja (control) communities were used. Weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. Venous blood (5ml) was collected and serum used for analysis of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and albumin levels; as well as lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd) and Vanadium. Result showed significant (<0.05) increase in ALT and AST, with a significant (<0.05) reduction in albumin in the test subjects, when compared with the control subjects. Also, a significant (<0.05) increase in serum levels of lead, cadmium and vanadium were observed in the test group, when compared to the control group. There was a positive significant (<0.05) correlation between serum heavy metals (Pb, Cd, vanadium), and the liver enzymes (ALT and AST), with a negative significant (<0.05) correlation between the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, vanadium) and albumin level. It was therefore concluded that prolong exposure to petroleum products impacted environments by female residents of Ogoni communities impairs the liver function parameters and therefore could predispose to liver dysfunction.
Keywords: petroleum, pollution, liver function, Ogoni, Niger Delta
OPC 09
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF RUTIN AGAINST OBESITY-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED OBESITY IN WISTAR RATS
N. M. Gidado1*, Y. Tanko2, S. A. Musa3, H. Bawa4 and Y. Musa5,
1. Departments of 1Physiology, 2Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
3. Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
4. Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi.
5. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
* Corresponding Author, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano.
Obesity as a metabolic disease has become an epidemic affecting all societies and age groups across the world. It has been reported to impair oxidative status and brain functions. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate protective effect of rutin against obesity-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in HFD-induced obesity in Wistar rats. Twenty-eight (28) male Wistar rats were used, while high fat diet (HFD) was used to induce obesity, HFD, rutin and distilled water (DW) were administered daily for twelve (12) weeks. Animals were grouped into group A (1 mL/kg DW), group B1 (HFD + 1 mL/kg DW), group B2 (HFD + 200 mg/kg rutin) and group B3 (HFD + 400 mg/kg rutin). BMI was monitored using weight and naso-anal length to determine obesity onset using a reference value of 0.68 g/cm2 as BMI for obese Wistar rats. The result of this study revealed that treatment with HFD induced obesity, significantly (p<0.05) increased MDA but decreased glutathione serum levels, however, rutin prevented obesity onset and significantly (p<0.05) decreased MDA. Furthermore, treatment with HFD significantly (p<0.05) increased β-amyloid concentration, AMPA-1 and NMDA receptors expression, however, rutin significantly (p<0.05) prevented HFD-induced β-amyloid accumulation. In conclusion, rutin has protective effect against obesity-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in high-fat diet-induced obesity in Wistar rats.
Key words: Obesity, rutin, high-fat diet, body mass index, β-amyloid, NMDA receptors, AMPA-1 receptor, Malondialdehyde, glutathione.
OPC 10
Electrocardiographic Changes in Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle amongst Healthy Female Students of College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Campus
¹,2Ikwuka, D.C., ¹Iheako, M.C., 1Nwobodo, E.O., 1Dimkpa, U., 2Onaadepo O., 1Sobanke, A.O., 1Ezeokafor, E.N., 1Olisakwe, B.O., 1Okonudo, P.O., 1Chukwukaeme, C.W., Eyeghre O.
1Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Nigeria
2Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Pharmacy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
Menstruation is only one manifestation of the ovarian cycle which is itself associated with more than 200 physical, psychological and behavioral changes. Ovarian hormones alterations along the menstrual cycle are associated with corresponding significant changes in multiple neurohumoral homeostatic mechanisms regulating the cardiovascular system. There are contradictory hypotheses regarding the influence of the menstrual cycle on different waves, and intervals of electrocardiogram (ECG). The present study investigated the electrocardiographic changes in different phases of menstrual cycle of healthy female students in college of health sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi campus. Twenty (20) healthy female medical students of the College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University in the age group of 19-26years with the normal menstrual cycle that met the eligibility criteria were recruited for the study. Their Menstrual cycle phases were monitored, and ECG changes were recorded through the duration of the cycle. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. The key findings show that during the ovulatory phase there was a significant increase in heart rate (73.507.89, p=0.041), significant decrease in P-R waves (p=0.046), and significant decrease in Q-T waves (p=0.016) of the ovulatory phase. In conclusion, the study showed a direct relationship between increased midcycle hormones and increased sympathetic activity in the heart. The increase in the level of sympathetic activity in the heart during the ovulation phase might be due to thermogenic effect or increased level of midcycle hormones.
Keywords: Menstrual cycle, Female sex hormones, Electrocardiogram, P-R waves, Q-T waves
OPC 11
Modulatory Role of Resveratrol on Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase (pLDH) in Plasmodium berghei-induced malaria in diabetic male Wistar rats
Jimoh1, S. Abdullahi1, F. Dawoud1, A.O. Jimoh2 Y. Tanko1, Z. Muhammed1, A. Abubakar3, A. Ahmad1, T. Danboyi1, Y. Tanko1, J. O. Ayo4
1Human Physiology Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
2Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
3Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu bello University, Zaria.
4Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Corresponding authors email: jabdulazeez0429@gmail.com/ajimoh@abu.edu.ng 08066201616/09099212910
This study investigates the relationship between diabetic hyperglycemia, malaria infection and the effect of resveratrol in a prevailing comorbidity of diabetes and malaria. The Wistar rats were divided into seven (7) groups of five rats each (n=5). Type II diabetes was induced after the animals were fed with high fat diet along with 20% fructose solution as drinking water for eight weeks, then, they were fasted overnight and injected intraperitoneally with a single, low dose of streptozotocin (STZ), at a dose of 30 mg/kg diluted in 0.1 M citrate-buffered saline (pH 4.5). The inoculation of malaria was initiated by injecting 0.2 ml of the Plasmodium berghei (P. berghei) parasite preparation from a donor mouse to the experimental rats via the intraperitoneal route. The parasitemia development was assessed by determining: Body weight; Blood glucose level; Full blood count; and Parasitemia (%) in thin blood film. Other parameters include measurement of lipid peroxidation (MDA concentrations), differential eosinophil counts and pLDH level in serum and the liver. The blood glucose levels (BGL) of the resveratrol groups significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in all the treatments groups on the sixth compared with diabetes control and the high fat diet (HFD) groups. significant (p < 0.05) increase across the groups was recorded when the effect of time and treatment were assessed. RBC counts showed resveratrol groups had a higher value (p < 0.05) when compared with diabetes control and HFD groups. Packed cell volume (PCV) significantly (p < 0.05) increases in resveratrol and other treatment groups when compared with diabetes and HFD groups. The result for the differential eosinophil counts were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in resveratrol and artesunate treatment group when compared with the diabetes control and HFD. The average RBC determined in five fields under the microscope, showed that values for the resveratrol groups were significantly increased (p < 0.05), when compared with diabetic control and HFD groups. The average infected RBC in the diabetic control group had the highest value (p < 0.05), when compared across groups. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) between time and treatment in average infected RBC over time, in the diabetic control groups and the HFD. Metformin and Artesunate groups showed declines in average infected RBCs on the sixth day. Furthermore, average parasites in five fields showed that the diabetic control group had the highest (p < 0.05) value when compared across the groups. the values obtained in the resveratrol groups were significantly lower (p < 0.05) when compared with the diabetic control and HFD groups, respectively. There was a significant (p < 0.05), increase across the groups when the effect of time and treatment was assessed. MDA concentrations was significantly (p < 0.05) low in all the treatment groups when compared with the diabetes control and HFD groups. The pLDH from serum and the liver showed the values for the resveratrol (50 mg/kg), resveratrol (100 mg/ kg) and artesunate groups decreased (p < 0.05), when compared with the diabetic control and HFD groups. The findings from this study showed that resveratrol suppressed the proliferation of P. berghei parasites in diabetic Wistar rats and improved the erythrocytic indices which shows that resveratrol may be beneficial in the management of malaria.
Keyword: P. berghei, Diabetes mellitus, Blood glucose, Malaria, High fat diet, pLDH
OPC 12
MODULATORY EFFECTS OF CONCURRENT TREATMENT OF CANNABIDIOL (CBD) ON GLUCOSE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN RITONAVIR AND HIGH FAT DIET TREATED ADULT MALE ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Mofolorunso Adekunle M1., Uwah Chimdindu E1., Okwute Patrick G1., Olawuyi H1., Nabofa EW1
1Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
HIV-related lipodystrophies are the most common form of lipodystrophy affecting up to 50 % of HIV patients, owing to the use of protease inhibitors in HIV treatment. Cannabidiol (CBD) has been reported to positively affect metabolic and nervous functions; it is however not clear whether CBD can ameliorate the lipodystrophic effects induced by protease inhibitor (PI). The present study was thus designed to evaluate the modulatory effects of 2 weeks concurrent treatment of CBD on lipid and glucose metabolism in protease inhibited adult male albino Wistar rats. Adult male wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were divided into five groups (n=7). Group 1 animals served as control and were untreated. Group 2-5 were treated with protease inhibitor and high fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks. Concurrent treatment of apple cider vinegar (0.8 mg/Kg), CBD (10 and 25 mg/kg) were administered to groups 3-5 animals respectively. Glucose and lipid metabolic parameters (such as OGTT, ITT, lipid profile and fasting serum insulin levels), hepatic oxidative stress markers, liver function test and hepatic leptin/JAK 2 expressions were determined. 2 weeks treatment of rats with ritonavir and HFD caused lipodystrophy like symptoms evidenced by hepatic steatosis, hypercholesteremia, impaired liver function, high glucose intolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity. Concurrent treatment of animals with CBD mitigated the ritonavir and HFD induced alteration in glucose and cholesterol metabolism which was associated with improved insulin response and increase in hepatic leptin expression. The beneficial effects of CBD treatment on lipodystrophy appears to involve the suppression in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway as animals treated with CBD in the present study had lowered lipid peroxidation and decreased JAK-2 hepatic expression.
Keywords: Lipodystrophy, Metabolism, Cannabidiol, JAK-2 pathway.
OPC 13
ANTI-AMNESIC POTENTIAL OF BROMELAIN IN SCOPOLAMINE INDUCED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN MALE SWISS MICE
Lawal S.O, Shittu S.T, Lasisi T.J
Corresponding Author: lawalsodiqolamide1996@gmail .com
Department of Physiology University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Bromelain, a protease found in pineapple has been shown to be neuroprotective. However, there is paucity of information on its effect on amnesia. The effect of bromelain and its probable mechanism of action on scopolamine-induced amnesia were therefore studied.
Twenty five male Swiss mice (20–25 g; 6 weeks old) were used. The animals were grouped (n=5) into five as I-V. Groups I, III-V were pretreated orally with (normal saline 10mg/kg, bromelain 30mg/kg, bromelain 50mg/kg and Donepezil 3mg/kg, respectively) for 7 days. Memory impairment was induced using scopolamine (1mg/kg i.p) in groups II- V after the administration of each drug or vehicle for another 7 days. Memory function was assessed on days 6 and 7 of scopolamine exposure using Y-maze and Novel Object Recognition Task (NORT). The hippocampus was isolated and used for biochemical and histological studies. Levels of MDA, GSH, GST, CATALASE, NITRITE, SOD, GAD, TNFα, IL6 and Acetylcholinesterase activity were determine in homogenized tissue while histological staining was done with hematoxylin and eosin. Data were expressed as Mean± SEM and analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05 followed by tukey post hoc test.
Explorative index in the NORT was significantly increased by bromelain treatment in groups III (61.98±7.45) and IV (71.90±7.06) compared with group II (39.42±1.49). Acetylcholinesterase activity, MDA, and IL6 levels were significantly reduced in groups III and IV when compared with group II. While GST increased significantly in groups III (0.59±0.02 U/mg.pr) and IV (0.66±0.03 U/mg.pr) when compared with group II (0.38±0.04 U/mg.pr), only group IV had significant increased GSH level compared with group II (48.03±7.73 vs21.23±2.58 µmoles/mg.pr). The lesions observed in group II was absent in all bromelain-treated groups.
Bromelain prevented scopolamine-induced memory impairment through mechanisms that may involve antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and upregulation of cholinergic transmission.
Keywords: Oxidative stress, inflammation, scopolamine, Bromelain.
OPC 14
OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY RESTRAINT, MIRROR AND INTRUDER STRESSORS ALTERS CREATININE, UREA, AND RENAL TUBULOGLOMERULAR MEMBRANE ANTIOXIDANT INTEGRITY IN RATS
Nwogueze B.C1, Ojieh A.E1, Ossai N.R1, Aloamaka C.P1
1Department of Physiology, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
Corresponding Author: bartholomew.nwogueze@delsu.edu.ng; 08064062111
The pervasive nature of the global economic meltdown has made stress a general phenomenon and is believed to contribute to various disease conditions. The study examined effect of oxidative stress on creatinine, urea, and renal tubuloglomerular membrane antioxidant integrity in Female Wistar rats. 24 adults female Wistar rats weighing 160-200g and within the ages of 12-14weeks were used for experiment 1, while 12 offspring were utilized for experiment 2. Kidney tissues were isolated from the animal and homogenized for antioxidant assay. Serum was collected for assays of Urea and creatinine using ELISA. Data collected was analyzed for Mean±SEM and One Way ANOVA. Our results revealed that the different stressors reduced relative kidney weights, but did not significantly alter serum creatinine concentration, however, the concentrations were slightly increased compared to control. Urea concentration was significantly increased in rats exposed to restraint and intruder stressors. Exposure to mirror stressor did not alter urea concentration. Offspring of stressed female Wistar rat exhibited significant increase in serum urea level, minimal increase in serum creatinine levels. Markers of oxidative stress revealed that GSH, GST, GPx, SOD, MDA and CAT were altered depending on the stressor applied. Exposure to restraint stressor decreased the activities of GPx, SOD and CAT in the kidney of the rats. Exposure of the rats to mirror stressor decreased the activities of GPx and CAT in kidney, while increasing the activity of kidney SOD. When the rats were stressed by exposure to intruder stressor, it decreased the activities of kidney GPx and SOD, but it also increased the activity of kidney SOD. Kidney MDA levels were increase irrespective of the stressor applied. In all, continued exposure of the rats to stressful condition has the tendency of compromising the integrity of liver and kidney function, thus, with potency of compromising female reproductive outcome.
Keywords: Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, Creatinine, Urea, Kidney
OPC 15
ASSESSMENT OF RENAL FUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF BENIN TEACHING HOSPITAL (UBTH), BENIN CITY.
Eruore Amalaka Obore1, Vincent Iyawe2, Andrew Edo3.
1Department Of Physiology, University Of Benin, Benin, Nigeria.
2Department Of Physiology, University Of Benin, Benin, Nigeria.
3College Of Medicine Sciences, University Of Benin, Benin, Nigeria.
Address for correspondence: eruoreobore@yahoo.com, +2347037502707.
Hypertension as well as diabetes mellitus has been reported to be a major risk factor for deteriorating kidney functions. However, there is paucity of reports on renal functions in a coexistence of hypertension and diabetic condition, hence, this study evaluated renal functions in hypertensive and diabetic co-morbidity. This research was carried out in University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) Benin City. Participants were categorized into healthy, hypertension, diabetes and hypertension with diabetes groups. Blood pressure was measured as well as fasting blood glucose and blood samples were collected from each participant to assay renal function indices. The National Kidney Disease Education Program recommends calculating glomerular
filtration rate from serum creatinine concentration. The creatinine clearance test is used to monitor the progression of renal disease. The results showed that there was substantial uraemia as well as a significant reduction glomerular filtration rate in co-morbid hypertension and diabetic patients. Fasting blood glucose and mean arterial blood pressure were considerably elevated while creatinine concentration was not significantly altered in comorbid hypertension and diabetic patients. This study revealed that co-existence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus exacerbated renal dysfunction comparatively to hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Keywords Hypertension; Diabetes mellitus; Renal functions; Glomerular filtration rate; co-morbidity; Uraemia
OPC 16
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF UTERINE ACTIVITIES OF PHYTOCHEMICALS FROM MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF.
OFULUE, O.O*1, 2 and EBOMOYI, M.I2
1Department of Physiology, Delta State University, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Abraka, Nigeria.
2Department Of Physiology, University of Benin, College of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Benin City, Nigeria.
*Correspondence: oofioritse@gmail.com, +2347033864201
Due to the nutritional and therapeutic benefits of Moringa oleifera, it has become a popular herb eaten by many including pregnant women in Africa and Asia. Though, Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) has been reported to possess tocolytic properties, there is paucity of information on the exact constituent responsible for this effect. Hence, phytochemicals extracted and fractionated from MOL were tested on the uterus, in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo study, fifty three (53) adult Wistar rats (18 males and 35 females) were used. Female rats were mated with male rat (2:1) for 4 days. Pregnancy was established using the vaginal smear method. Pregnant animals were randomly divided into 7 groups. From Day 7 to Day 14 of pregnancy, Group 1 was treated with 0.5ml of distilled water. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with 60 mg/kg of alkaloid, glycoside and peptide fractions of MOL respectively. Groups 5, 6 and 7 were treated with 120 mg/kg of alkaloid, glycoside and peptide fractions respectively. On Day 15 of pregnancy, animals were sacrificed and the number of pups and resorption sites were counted and reproductive hormones were analysed. For the in vitro study, only Alkaliod fraction of MOL (AMOL) showed significant effect on spontaneous contraction in a pilot study, AMOL was further fractionated and chloroform fraction (CAMOL) was the most potent and its effect was tested on an isolated uterus of non-pregnant Wistar rats. Result showed that there was no difference in the number of pups, significant increase in progesterone and FSH levels in treatment groups compared to group 1. CAMOL inhibited spontaneous, oxytocin induced, KCl-induced and calcium-free solution contractions. In conclusion phytochemicals extracted from MOL has shown ability to maintain pregnancy, increase progesterone and FSH and AMOL possess uterine relaxing effects.
Keywords: Pregnancy, Moringa Oleifera, Phytochemicals, Hormones, Uterus, Contractions.